What are nanoparticles in plants?
Figure 2 Nanoparticles (NPs) play a key role in enhancing drought stress (DS) tolerance in plants. NPs reduce MDA accumulation, maintain membrane stability, induce the expression of stress-related proteins, improve nutrient and water uptake, increase photosynthesis, and increase grain yield and harvest index. Nanoparticles are also employed in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stresses in plants, thereby reducing the adverse impacts of global climate change on agricultural productivity.Nanoparticles facilitate site-targeted delivery and the controlled release of agrochemicals and various macromolecules needed for plant growth, ensuring efficient utilization and reduced exposure for eco-protection [5].Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed before nanofertilizers can be widely adopted in agriculture. These include the scalability and cost-effectiveness of production, uncertainties regarding environmental and human toxicity, and the lack of clear regulatory guidelines.Plant diseases are managed effectively by using diverse nanoparticles, like silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The rapid detection of plant pathogens, the biosensor-based control of pests and diseases, soil management and other areas are all greatly impacted by nanotechnology.
What are the three types of nanoparticles?
In general, there are three types of nanoparticles: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. Ferritin, liposomes, dendrimers, and other organic nanoparticles or polymers are well-known examples. Nanoparticles are defined as tiny particles with a diameter of 1–100 nm, which possess distinct physical and chemical properties compared to larger material counterparts and are invisible to the naked eye.Nanoparticles occur in a great variety of shapes, which have been given many names such as nanospheres, nanorods, nanochains, decahedral nanoparticles, nanostars, nanoflowers, nanoreefs, nanowhiskers, nanofibers, and nanoboxes.Nanomaterial: Material with any internal or external structures on the nanoscale dimension. Nano-object: Material that possesses one or more peripheral nanoscale dimensions. Nanoparticle: Nano-object with three external nanoscale dimensions.
What are the methods used for synthesis of nanoparticles?
Nanoparticles can be synthesized through different chemical methods, such as sol-gel, precipitation, hydrothermal, thermal breakdown, solvothermal, and vapor synthesis methods (Rane et al. The sol-gel technique is very fundamental in creating nanostructures. Several factors such as the method used for synthesis, pH, temperature, pressure, time, particle size, pore size, environment, and proximity greatly influence the quality and quantity of the synthesized nanoparticles and their characterization and applications.Nanoparticles can be synthesized using various techniques, including chemical methods (sol-gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, vapor synthesis), biological methods (microbial, plant-based synthesis), mechanical methods (milling, mechanical alloying), and both top-down and bottom-up approaches.A nanoparticle is a small particle that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometres in size. Undetectable by the human eye, nanoparticles can exhibit significantly different physical and chemical properties to their larger material counterparts.The nanomaterials can be synthesized using two prominent approaches. They are top-down and bottom-up approaches. In top-down approaches, the bulk materials are mechanically machined and converted into fine particles in nano dimensions.
How are nanoparticles prepared from plant extract?
In producing nanoparticles using plant extracts, the extract is simply mixed with a solution of the metal salt at room temperature. The reaction is complete within minutes. Nanoparticles of silver, gold and many other metals have been produced this way (Li et al. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles oleifera leaves extract was added drop wise into 100 mL of 1 mM aqueous solution of AgNO3 and heated at 60–80°C for 1 hour. The change in color was observed from dark brown to reddish brown which indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles.In producing nanoparticles using plant extracts, the extract is simply mixed with a solution of the metal salt at room temperature. The reaction is complete within minutes. Nanoparticles of silver, gold and many other metals have been produced this way (Li et al.
Are there nanoparticles in Coca-Cola?
Nanoparticles in Coca-Cola: What They Are and How They Form. Nanoparticles have been making headlines for years due to their role in advanced agriculture technologies, medicine, and even food science. Recently, research has highlighted the presence of nanoparticles in one of the world’s most iconic beverages: Coca-Cola . Although nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties that justify their broad use in applications for the central nervous system, they can also manifest neurotoxic effects, including oxidative stress, resulting in cell apoptosis and autophagy, immune responses, and neuroinflammation, which will affect the .Toxicity of Nanomaterials: This could lead to toxicity, inflammatory responses, or other adverse effects. Example: Some nanomaterials, like certain metals (e. ROS) that may damage cells, tissues, or DNA.Surface oxidation of silver nanoparticles may contribute to the release of silver ions, thus amplifying toxicity. Mitochondrial function is impaired when lung epithelial cells are exposed to nano silver. In the process, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity increases, leading to damage to oxidative stress.The harmful effects of nanoparticles Nanoparticles are known to enter the human body through the lung, intestinal tract, or skin, and can be toxic to the brain, cause lung inflammation and cardiac problems [12].Nanoparticles are incredibly small and can penetrate cell walls and the blood–brain barrier. This makes them ideal for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents to cancer cells. They can also be used to detect cancer cells and identify the location and nature of the disease [119].
Can we use plant leaves in the synthesis of nanoparticles?
In addition, the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods. The plants are used successfully in the synthesis of various greener nanoparticles such as cobalt, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide and magnetite. Metal-Based Nanoparticles. The metal-based nanoparticles such as silver, gold, copper, iron, zinc, platinum, and so on, received much attention in medicine. Faraday (1857) showed the metal nanoparticles can exist in solution.Aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gold (Au), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), and zinc (Zn) are metal materials that are frequently used in nanoparticle synthesis.